For each separate combat you must determine which side has won. Do this once all the units engaged in the combat have fought.

Begin by adding up all the wounds caused by each side in the combat. It does not matter which particular units suffered the wounds, just add them all up. Do not forget to add the wounds taken by big creatures that have not been removed as casualties.

The side which has inflicted the most wounds wins the combat. The other side has lost. If both have inflicted the same number of wounds then the result is a draw. However, a side can claim extra bonus points under certain circumstances - for example if it has a standard bearer, if it is attacking the enemy in the flank, or if it is fighting from higher ground.

Each bonus point is added to the number of casualties you have inflicted. So for example, if both sides cause 3 wounds the result is a draw, but if one side has a battle standard it adds +1 to its score, beating the enemy by 4 points to 3. These bonus points can make all the difference between winning and losing the combat. The table below summarises the bonus points.

Once both sides have established their total points, including the number of casualties caused and bonus points, compare the values to discover which side has won the combat.

The higher the winner's score compared to the loser's the bigger and more decisive the victory. An 8 point against 7 point victory is only a slight win for example, because the difference in scores is only 1 point. An 8 point against a 2 point victory is extremely decisive as the difference in scores is a whopping 6. This difference in scores is important because it is used when working out whether a defeated enemy stands his ground or turns and flees.

+1 Extra Rank

If your formation is at least 4 models wide then you may claim a bonus of +1 for each rank behind the first at the start of the combat, up to a maximum of +3. The bonus can be claimed for an incomplete rear rank so long as it contains at least 4 models.

If you have several units fighting in a combat count the bonus from your deepest unit. Do not add up the bonuses from all the units fighting. This bonus is lost if the unit is charged in the flank or rear by an enemy unit of 5 models or more.

+1 Standard

If any of your units includes a standard bearer then you may add a +1 bonus.

Note that if you have several standards then you still only add +1, not +1 for each standard. Rules for standards are described later.

+1 Battle Standard

If the army's battle standard bearer is fighting in the combat, or is included in a unit of troops which is involved in the combat, then you may add a further +1.

+1 High Ground

If you are fighting from higher position than your enemy then you may add a + 1 bonus. For example, troops occupying the crest of a hill.

+1 Flank Attack

If you are fighting against an enemy unit's flank you may add a +1 bonus, so long as your entire unit numbers at least 5 models.

If both sides have troops attacking in the flank then the side with the most number of flanking units gets the bonus. The bonus is only applied once, regardless of how many flanking units are involved in the combat.

+2 Rear Attack

The same comments apply as for a flank attack but to units attacking in the rear. This bonus and the bonus for a flank attack are cumulative, so if you are attacking in the side and rear you will receive a bonus of +3.

+1 Overkill

If a challenger kills his opponent and scores more wounds than the enemy has, then each excess wound scores +1 overkill bonus towards the combat result.

This bonus only applies in a challenge as described in the section on Heroes and Wizards.